WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
PROHIBITED LIST
JANUARY 2016
This List shall come into effect on 1 January 2016.
The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French.
In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail.
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PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
SUBSTANCES & METHODS
PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES
(IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)
NON-APPROVED SUBSTANCES
Any pharmacological substance which is not
addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the List
and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory
health authority for human therapeutic use (e.g. drugs
under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued,
designer drugs, substances approved only for veterinary
use) is prohibited at all times.
ANABOLIC AGENTS
Anabolic agents are prohibited.
1. ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS (AAS)
a. Exogenous* AAS, including:
1-Androstenediol (5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol);
1-Androstenedione (5α-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione);
1-Testosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-one);
4-Hydroxytestosterone (4,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one);
19-Norandrostenedione (estr-4-ene-3,17-dione);
Bolandiol (estr-4-ene-3β,17β-diol );
Bolasterone;
Boldenone;
Boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione);
Calusterone;
Clostebol;
Danazol ([1,2]oxazolo[4',5':2,3]pregna-4-en-20-yn-17α-ol);
Dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17β-hydroxy-
17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one);
Desoxymethyltestosterone (17α-methyl-5α-
androst-2-en-17β-ol);
Drostanolone;
Ethylestrenol (19-norpregna-4-en-17α-ol);
Fluoxymesterone;
Formebolone;
Furazabol (17α-methyl [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3',4':2,3]-5α-
androstan-17β-ol);
S0
S1
Gestrinone;
Mestanolone;
Mesterolone;
Metandienone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-
3-one);
Metenolone;
Methandriol;
Methasterone (17β-hydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-
androstan-3-one);
Methyldienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9-dien-
3-one);
Methyl-1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-
androst-1-en-3-one);
Methylnortestosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en-
3-one);
Methyltestosterone;
Metribolone (methyltrienolone, 17β-hydroxy-17α-
methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one);
Mibolerone;
Nandrolone;
Norboletone;
Norclostebol;
Norethandrolone;
Oxabolone;
Oxandrolone;
Oxymesterone;
Oxymetholone;
Prostanozol (17β-[(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy]-1'Hpyrazolo[
3,4:2,3]-5α-androstane);
Quinbolone;
Stanozolol;
Stenbolone;
Tetrahydrogestrinone (17-hydroxy-18a-homo-19-nor-
17α-pregna-4,9,11-trien-3-one);
Trenbolone (17β-hydroxyestr-4,9,11-trien-3-one);
and other substances with a similar chemical structure
or similar biological effect(s).
IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 4.2.2 OF THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE, ALL PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES SHALL
BE CONSIDERED AS “SPECIFIED SUBSTANCES” EXCEPT SUBSTANCES IN CLASSES S1, S2, S4.4, S4.5, S6.a, AND
PROHIBITED METHODS M1, M2 AND M3.
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b. Endogenous** AAS when administered exogenously:
Androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol);
Androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione);
Dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one);
Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA,
3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one);
Testosterone;
and their metabolites and isomers, including but
not limited to:
3β-Hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one;
5α-Androstane-3α,17α-diol;
5α-Androstane-3α,17β-diol;
5α-Androstane-3β,17α-diol;
5α-Androstane-3β,17β-diol;
5β-Androstane-3α,17β-diol;
7α-Hydroxy-DHEA;
7β-Hydroxy-DHEA;
4-Androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3β, 17β-diol)
5-Androstenedione (androst-5-ene-3,17-dione);
7-Keto-DHEA;
19-Norandrosterone;
19-Noretiocholanolone.
Androst-4-ene-3α,17α-diol;
Androst-4-ene-3α,17β-diol;
Androst-4-ene-3β,17α-diol;
Androst-5-ene-3α,17α-diol;
Androst-5-ene-3α,17β-diol;
Androst-5-ene-3β,17α-diol;
Androsterone
Epi-dihydrotestosterone;
Epitestosterone;
Etiocholanolone.
2. OTHER ANABOLIC AGENTS
Including, but not limited to:
Clenbuterol, selective androgen receptor modulators
(SARMs, e.g. andarine and ostarine), tibolone, zeranol
and zilpaterol.
For purposes of this section:
* “exogenous” refers to a substance which is not ordinarily
produced by the body naturally.
** “endogenous” refers to a substance which is ordinarily
produced by the body naturally.
PEPTIDE HORMONES, GROWTH FACTORS,
RELATED SUBSTANCES AND MIMETICS
The following substances, and other substances with
similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s),
are prohibited:
1. Erythropoietin-Receptor agonists:
1.1 Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs) including e.g.
Darbepoietin (dEPO);
Erythropoietins (EPO);
EPO-Fc;
EPO-mimetic peptides (EMP), e.g. CNTO 530 and
peginesatide; methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin
beta (CERA).
1.2 Non-erythropoietic EPO-Receptor agonists, e.g.
ARA-290;
asialo EPO;
carbamylated EPO.
2. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers, e.g. cobalt
and FG-4592; and HIF activators, e.g. argon, xenon;
3. Chorionic Gonadotrophin (CG) and Luteinizing
Hormone (LH) and their releasing factors, e.g. buserelin,
gonadorelin and leuprorelin, in males;
4. Corticotrophins and their releasing factors,
e.g corticorelin;
S2
4
5. Growth Hormone (GH) and its releasing factors including:
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and its
analogues, e.g. CJC-1295, sermorelin and tesamorelin;
Growth Hormone Secretagogues (GHS), e.g. ghrelin
and ghrelin mimetics, e.g. anamorelin and ipamorelin;
GH-Releasing Peptides (GHRPs), e.g. alexamorelin,
GHRP-6, hexarelin and pralmorelin (GHRP-2).
Additional prohibited growth factors:
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs);
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF);
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and its analogues;
Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs);
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF);
Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
and any other growth factor affecting muscle, tendon or
ligament protein synthesis/degradation, vascularisation,
energy utilization, regenerative capacity or fibre type
switching.
BETA-2 AGONISTS
All beta-2 agonists, including all optical isomers,
e.g. d- and l- where relevant, are prohibited.
Except:
• Inhaled salbutamol (maximum 1600 micrograms over
24 hours);
• Inhaled formoterol (maximum delivered dose
54 micrograms over 24 hours); and
• Inhaled salmeterol in accordance with the
manufacturers’ recommended therapeutic regimen.
The presence in urine of salbutamol in excess of
1000 ng/mL or formoterol in excess of 40 ng/mL is presumed
not to be an intended therapeutic use of the
substance and will be considered as an Adverse Analytical
Finding (AAF ) unless the Athlete proves, through a controlled
pharmacokinetic study, that the abnormal result
was the consequence of the use of the therapeutic inhaled
dose up to the maximum indicated above.
S3
HORMONE AND METABOLIC
MODULATORS
The following hormone and metabolic modulators
are prohibited:
1. Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to:
4-Androstene-3,6,17 trione (6-oxo);
Aminoglutethimide;
Anastrozole;
Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione (androstatrienedione);
Exemestane;
Formestane;
Letrozole;
Testolactone.
2. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
including, but not limited to:
Raloxifene;
Tamoxifen;
Toremifene.
3. Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not
limited to:
Clomiphene;
Cyclofenil;
Fulvestrant.
4. Agents modifying myostatin function(s) including, but
not limited, to: myostatin inhibitors.
5. Metabolic modulators:
5.1 Activators of the AMP-activated protein kinase
(AMPK), e.g. AICAR; and
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor δ
(PPARδ) agonists, e.g. GW 1516;
5.2 Insulins and insulin-mimetics;
5.3 Meldonium;
5.4 Trimetazidine.
S4
5
DIURETICS AND MASKING AGENTS
The following diuretics and masking agents are
prohibited, as are other substances with a similar chemical
structure or similar biological effect(s).
Including, but not limited to:
• Desmopressin; probenecid; plasma expanders, e.g.
glycerol and intravenous administration of albumin,
dextran, hydroxyethyl starch and mannitol.
• Acetazolamide; amiloride; bumetanide; canrenone;
chlortalidone; etacrynic acid; furosemide; indapamide;
metolazone; spironolactone; thiazides, e.g. bendroflumethiazide,
chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide;
triamterene and vaptans, e.g. tolvaptan.
Except:
• Drospirenone; pamabrom; and ophthalmic use of
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. dorzolamide,
brinzolamide).
• Local administration of felypressin in dental
anaesthesia.
The detection in an Athlete’s Sample at all times or
In-Competition, as applicable, of any quantity of the
following substances subject to threshold limits: formoterol,
salbutamol, cathine, ephedrine, methylephedrine
and pseudoephedrine, in conjunction with a diuretic or
masking agent, will be considered as an Adverse Analytical
Finding unless the Athlete has an approved TUE for that
substance in addition to the one granted for the diuretic
or masking agent.
S5
PROHIBITED METHODS
MANIPULATION OF BLOOD AND
BLOOD COMPONENTS
The following are prohibited:
1. The Administration or reintroduction of any quantity of
autologous, allogenic (homologous) or heterologous
blood, or red blood cell products of any origin into the
circulatory system.
2. Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery
of oxygen. Including, but not limited to:
Perfluorochemicals; efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified
haemoglobin products, e.g. haemoglobin-based blood
substitutes and microencapsulated haemoglobin
products, excluding supplemental oxygen.
3. Any form of intravascular manipulation of the blood
or blood components by physical or chemical means.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
MANIPULATION
The following are prohibited:
1. Tampering, or Attempting to Tamper, to alter the
integrity and validity of Samples collected during
Doping Control.
Including, but not limited to:
Urine substitution and/or adulteration, e.g. proteases.
2. Intravenous infusions and/or injections of more than
50 mL per 6 hour period except for those legitimately
received in the course of hospital admissions, surgical
procedures or clinical investigations.
GENE DOPING
The following, with the potential to enhance sport
performance, are prohibited:
1. The transfer of polymers of nucleic acids or nucleic
acid analogues;
2. The use of normal or genetically modified cells.
M1
M2
M3
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IN ADDITION TO THE CATEGORIES S0 TO S5 AND M1 TO M3 DEFINED ABOVE, THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES
ARE PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION:
SUBSTANCES & METHODS
PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
STIMULANTS
All stimulants, including all optical isomers, e.g.
d- and l- where relevant, are prohibited.
Stimulants include:
a: Non-Specified Stimulants:
Adrafinil;
Amfepramone;
Amfetamine;
Amfetaminil;
Amiphenazole;
Benfluorex;
Benzylpiperazine;
Bromantan;
Clobenzorex;
Cocaine;
Cropropamide;
Crotetamide;
Fencamine;
Fenetylline;
Fenfluramine;
Fenproporex;
Fonturacetam [4-phenylpiracetam (carphedon)];
Furfenorex;
Mefenorex;
Mephentermine;
Mesocarb;
Metamfetamine(d-);
p-Methylamphetamine;
Modafinil;
Norfenfluramine;
Phendimetrazine;
Phentermine;
Prenylamine;
Prolintane.
A stimulant not expressly listed in this section
is a Specified Substance.
S6 b: Specified Stimulants.
Including, but not limited to:
Benzfetamine;
Cathine**;
Cathinone and its analogues, e.g. mephedrone,
methedrone, and α- pyrrolidinovalerophenone;
Dimethylamphetamine;
Ephedrine***;
Epinephrine**** (adrenaline);
Etamivan;
Etilamfetamine;
Etilefrine;
Famprofazone;
Fenbutrazate;
Fencamfamin;
Heptaminol;
Hydroxyamfetamine (parahydroxyamphetamine);
Isometheptene;
Levmetamfetamine;
Meclofenoxate;
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine;
Methylephedrine***;
Methylhexaneamine (dimethylpentylamine);
Methylphenidate;
Nikethamide;
Norfenefrine;
Octopamine;
Oxilofrine (methylsynephrine);
Pemoline;
Pentetrazol;
Phenethylamine and its derivatives;
Phenmetrazine;
Phenpromethamine;
Propylhexedrine;
Pseudoephedrine*****;
Selegiline;
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Sibutramine;
Strychnine;
Tenamfetamine (methylenedioxyamphetamine);
Tuaminoheptane;
and other substances with a similar chemical structure
or similar biological effect(s).
Except:
• Clonidine
• Imidazole derivatives for topical/ophthalmic use and
those stimulants included in the 2016 Monitoring
Program*.
* Bupropion, caffeine, nicotine, phenylephrine,
phenylpropanolamine, pipradrol, and synephrine: These
substances are included in the 2016 Monitoring Program, and
are not considered Prohibited Substances.
** Cathine: Prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater
than 5 micrograms per milliliter.
*** Ephedrine and methylephedrine: Prohibited when the
concentration of either in urine is greater than 10 micrograms
per milliliter.
**** Epinephrine (adrenaline): Not prohibited in local administration,
e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic, or co-administration with local
anaesthetic agents.
***** Pseudoephedrine: Prohibited when its concentration in urine
is greater than 150 micrograms per milliliter.
NARCOTICS
Prohibited:
Buprenorphine;
Dextromoramide;
Diamorphine (heroin);
Fentanyl and its derivatives;
Hydromorphone;
Methadone;
Morphine;
Oxycodone;
Oxymorphone;
Pentazocine;
Pethidine.
CANNABINOIDS
Prohibited:
• Natural, e.g. cannabis, hashish and marijuana, or
synthetic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
• Cannabimimetics, e.g. “Spice”, JWH-018, JWH-073,
HU-210.
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
All glucocorticoids are prohibited when administered
by oral, intravenous, intramuscular or rectal routes.
S7
S8
S9
8
SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED
IN PARTICULAR SPORTS
ALCOHOL
Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited In-Competition only,
in the following sports. Detection will be conducted by
analysis of breath and/or blood. The doping violation
threshold is equivalent to a blood alcohol concentration
of 0.10 g/L.
• Air Sports (FAI) • Automobile (FIA)
• Archery (WA) • Powerboating (UIM)
P1 BETA-BLOCKERS
Beta-blockers are prohibited In-Competition
only, in the following sports, and also prohibited
Out-of-Competition where indicated.
• Archery (WA)*
• Automobile (FIA)
• Billiards (all disciplines) (WCBS)
• Darts (WDF)
• Golf (IGF)
• Shooting (ISSF, IPC)*
• Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski jumping, freestyle
aerials/halfpipe and snowboard halfpipe/big air
• Underwater sports (CMAS) in constant-weight apnoea
with or without fins, dynamic apnoea with and without
fins, free immersion apnoea, Jump Blue apnoea,
spearfishing, static apnoea, target shooting and variable
weight apnoea.
*Also prohibited Out-of-Competition
P2
Including, but not limited to:
Acebutolol;
Alprenolol;
Atenolol;
Betaxolol;
Bisoprolol;
Bunolol;
Carteolol;
Carvedilol;
Celiprolol;
Esmolol;
Labetalol;
Levobunolol;
Metipranolol;
Metoprolol;
Nadolol;
Oxprenolol;
Pindolol;
Propranolol;
Sotalol;
Timolol.
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